University of CA and USDA-ARS Fusarium Screen Summary – 2013 trials
Hutmacher, Wright, Ulloa et al – February 2014
Univ. California and USDA-ARS Fusarium-Race 4 Screenings (THREE SITES: Kern County and Tulare County sites plus greenhouse site at Kearney REC – 2013)
2013_Fusarium Race 4 Field Ratings SUMMARY TABLE – means and std deviations only
Cotton Harvest Aid Management 2013
This report summarizes the applied defoliation research studies conducted during 2013. This was another unique season due to warm weather causing rapid progression of the cotton crop. Three research trials were conducted on Pima cotton at the Westside Research Center in Five Points, CA. These fields were planted with Phytogen 802RF on April 16, 2013 with a seed rate of 18 lbs/A. The fields received a pre-irrigation, three in-season irrigations, and pressure bomb readings were taken to better manage plant vigor. In addition, the fields received 140 lbs of nitrogen urea plus 14 lbs sidedress of Temik (Aldicarb) on May24, 2013. The fields also received 16 ounces of Mepex (Mepiquat Chloride) on June 19th and again on July 1, 2013. The plots were 65’ in length and consisted of four rows with 40” spacing. In each trial, each treatment had 4 replications.
The objective of these studies was to define the most appropriate conditions for effective defoliation and crop termination. New harvest aids and several tank mix combinations…
Greenhouse studies have evaluated the impact of metam sodium applications, with and without solarization films and associated soil heating, on development of FOV symptoms in varieties of cotton previously recognized as highly-susceptible (a Pima, Phytogen 810-R or DP-744) or moderately susceptible (an Acala, Phytogen-72). The soil media used was a 1:2 mix of soil from a highly infested field site mixed with steam-treated potting mix. Trays of soil mix received the treatments and post-treatment, the soil was transferred into clean, waxed cardboard containers to plant out the seed for further evaluations of disease symptom development and plant survival percentages. In metam sodium trials, three different rates of metam sodium alone did not significantly impact the survival rate (about 30%) or symptoms (root vascular stain index rating averaging about 3 on a scale of 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (severe symptoms) in highlysusceptible Pima varieties. In the moderately susceptible Acala variety, the metam sodium treatments improved the survival rate and reduced vascular stain ratings wl1en compared with untreated soil. In the first trial, averages of about 90% survival were recorded for treated soil versus about 60% survival for untreated. In the second trial, an average of about 90% survival was recorded for treated soil versus…
PROJECT SUMMARY
In California, Fusarium wilt of cotton has been considered a potentially serious fungal disease caused by the organism Fusarium oxysporum vas infectum (also called “FOV”). However, in the past, damage associated with Fusarium in SJV cotton has been notable only in production areas with the combination of: (a) moderate to high populations of a specific race of FOV (usually race 1 ); (b) soils witl1 a sandy or sandy loam texture; and (c) root knot nematodes present in high-enough populations to cause significant galling and root damage. Past research generally indicated that FOV damage was worst when both FOV inoculum and nematodes were present in relatively higl1 concentrations. Methods used in the past to limit damage to cotton associated with Fusarium wilt have been to avoid planting cotton in soils in which the combination of sandy or sandy loam texture is combined with the presence of root knot nematode, or grow cotton only infrequently…
Changes in the California cotton industry enacted in 1998 allow for a much broader range of varieties to be grown in the SJV. It will be important for growers to have unbiased sources of varietal performance information that will answer some of the questions regarding yield performance, growth characteristics and quality of available varieties. These trials involving newly-available CA Upland varieties complement the combined SJV Cotton Board and the UCCE Farm Advisor Approved Acala studies. Trials include standard varieties of Acalas in order to have some more complete indices of varietal comparisons. The range of yield potential as well as the range of quality characteristics across the varieties now available will mean that growers have an even more difficult job than usual in balancing the combination of yield and quality (and resulting price)…
The objectives of these studies with Pima cotton are primarily to evaluate new, approved, and high interest varieties under different environmental conditions and management regimes practiced at REC sites and grower fields across the San Joaquin Valley region of California. Variety evaluations for yield and quality performance for varieties submitted into these trials are initially the responsibility of the San Joaquin Valley Cotton Board. The farm advisors extend these evaluations by adding some continuing field testing of newly-approved and high interest varieties to the Pima tests of the SJV Cotton Board. Pima acreages continue to change. The reason for continuing changes in acreages is overall reductions in planted cotton acreage in California in recent years, but part is also related to increasing shifts to Pima. There are tradeoffs in shifting to Pima (typically reductions in yields) and in shifts to non-Acala Uplands (typically lower price for lint), and growers need reliable, unbiased information regarding expected lint yields and fiber quality in order to make reasonable, lower-risk decisions. Acreage will continue to be volatile with changing input costs and disparities in cotton prices between non-Acala Upland, Acala and Pima cottons…
Acala cotton varieties were grown on about 100,000 acres out of the greatly reduced total acreage of about 275,000 acres in 2008. Part of the reason for continuing changes in acreages is overall reductions in planted cotton acreage in California in recent years, but part is also related to shifts to Pima and non-Acala Upland cotton. There are tradeoffs in shifting to Pima (typically reductions in yields) and in shifts to non-Acala Uplands (typically lower price for lint), and growers need reliable, unbiased information regarding expected lint yields and fiber quality in order to make reasonable, lower-risk decisions. The San Joaquin Valley Cotton Board will remain the avenue for varieties to enter our “Approved Variety” testing program. Within Acala testing, the combined SJV Cotton Board and the UCCE Farm Advisor Approved Acala trials represents a source for broadly-based information on varietal performance. Separate trials involving newly-available CA Upland varieties continue to be conducted by Hutmacher and staff at Shafter and West Side REC sites to complement SJVCB I Approved Acala studies. Variety evaluations for yield and quality performance for…
Recently, water, energy, fertilizer, pesticides, labor cost and the capital investment in modem irrigation systems have risen dramatically and at a rate greater than farmer returns. Studies have demonstrated that drip irrigation can improve water use efficiency, reduce fertilizer losses and reduce application of pesticides and fungicides, particularly when compared with flood, furrow and sprinkler irrigation. As drip irrigation knowledge has evolved, Netafim Irrigation has developed Low Pressure Systems (LPS) that operate at 3 psi pressure while achieving a distribution uniformity of 90% or better. The conversion of leveled furrow irrigated fields to LPS using pressurized district water eliminates additional energy expenditures. It also conserves significant water and energy and allows the use of low pressure components, thus reducing the capital inputs of LPS. Three years of…
The objectives of these studies with Acala and Pima varieties are to evaluate approved Acala varieties and Pima varieties submitted for testing under different environmental conditions and management across the San Joaquin Valley region of California. In order to provide a reasonable limit on the number of varieties in the tests, the entries include newly-approved varieties (approved by the San Joaquin Valley Cotton Board) for the current year, varieties released last year that are in their second year of testing, plus the top 4 or 5 previously-approved varieties (in terms of planted acreage). The new varieties are the focus of tests, but only remain in tests for a minimum of two years following release unless that variety moves into the top 4 or 5 varieties in planted acreage. Released varieties also may not show up in tests if companies request that the variety is for a special market and don’t want it in multiple location testing, or when seed supplies are inadequate. The Pima tests focus on approved varieties, but in the past two years have also included a non-approved hybrid that has been of interest due to yield…
2006 Activities- at Shafter and West Side REC sites. This testing program is maintained for nonAcala Upland cotton varieties at both the UC Shafter and UC West Side Research and Extension Centers in small plot trials which have been conducted since 1998 in response to requests for continuing information on varieties outside of the Approved Acala testing program. The project investigators are appreciative for the participation by seed companies and the UC Research Centers in providing support for ongoing testing ofnon-Acala Uplands. The actual varieties included in 2006 trials are shown in Table 1, but yield and lint quality data will not be available on 2006 studies until December 2006. Summary results will be posted on our UC cotton web site: http:llcottoninfo.ucdavis.edu and in a January 2007 issue of the California Cotton Review…